领航计划 | 吕芳芳教授: 从治疗到减少传播—全新机制流感新药的临床获益

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关键词: 流感治疗新药新机制临床
资讯来源:中国医学论坛报
发布时间: 2022-12-16

流感防控先锋论坛于2022年12月15日在浙江杭州召开,国内知名呼吸科、感染科、儿科、急诊、检验科、药学以及其他相关临床领域专家及疾病预防控制领域专家共聚一堂,共同探讨领域内前沿问题及分享最新研究进展。流感是一种常见的急性呼吸道传染病,肺炎、支气管炎等并发症可导致住院甚至死亡,这对公众健康构成重大威胁。早期启动抗病毒治疗对疾病的转归具有重要意义。浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院吕芳芳教授从我国流感的诊治现状、治疗原则、治疗药物为我们带来流感领域最新进展。

吕芳芳
浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院

中华医学会肝病学分会药物性肝病学组委员

中华医学会肝病学分会酒精肝脂肪肝学组委员

中华医学会肝病学分会自身免疫肝病协作组委员

浙江省数理医学会第二届理事

浙江省数理医学会肝病专业委员会候任主任委员

浙江省中西医结合学会感染病专业委员会副主任委员

浙江省医学会肝病学分会委员

浙江省医学会热带病与寄生虫病学分会常委

浙江省中西医结合学会肝病专业委员会常委      



</section><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">吕芳芳教授解读从治疗到减少传播—全新机制流感新药的临床获益视频</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br/></span></p></section><section data-id="120485" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器"><section style="margin: 10px auto;display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="display: flex;"><section><section style="display: flex;padding-right: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;height: 65%;width: 4px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(247, 173, 62);border-left: 1px solid rgb(247, 173, 62);border-top: 1px solid rgb(247, 173, 62);overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;"><section data-width="35%" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 35%;height: 4px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(247, 173, 62);border-right: 1px solid rgb(247, 173, 62);max-width: 35% !important;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(42, 124, 232);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 8px 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei=""><strong data-brushtype="text">流感诊治不容乐观,抗病毒治疗应尽早</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section data-width="65%" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 65%;height: 4px;background-color: rgb(247, 173, 62);max-width: 65% !important;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;display: flex;align-items: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 4px;height: 40%;background-color: rgb(247, 173, 62);overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">我国流感病原学检测比例较低,抗病毒治疗晚且比例较低,我国流感的诊治能力提升空间很大<sup>[1-2]</sup>。日本流感样病例流感快速检测率为88%、流感确诊病例抗病毒药物使用率高达95.0%<sup>[1-2]</sup>。中国流感认知调查显示,基层医护人员及居民对流感的认知仍欠缺。为减少并发症和严重疾病的发生风险,因流感住院的患者等高危人群应立即启动抗病毒治疗<sup>[3-4]</sup>。从缩短症状持续时间和减少传播风险角度出发,门急诊患者、医务人员、照护人员等也应考虑抗病毒治疗<sup>[5-8]</sup>。</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br/></p><section data-id="120485" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器"><section style="margin: 10px auto;display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="display: flex;"><section><section style="display: flex;padding-right: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;height: 65%;width: 4px;border-bottom: 1px solid #f7ad3e;border-left: 1px solid #f7ad3e;border-top: 1px solid #f7ad3e;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;"><section data-width="35%" style="max-width: 35% !important;box-sizing:border-box;width: 35%;height: 4px;border-top: 1px solid #f7ad3e;border-right: 1px solid #f7ad3e;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section style="background-color: #2a7ce8;font-size: 16px;color: #ffffff;padding: 8px 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei=""><strong data-brushtype="text">全新机制流感新药,显著提高临床获益</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section data-width="65%" style="max-width: 65% !important;box-sizing:border-box;width: 65%;height: 4px;background-color: #f7ad3e;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;display: flex;align-items: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 4px;height: 40%;background-color: #f7ad3e;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br/></p></section><section data-id="107461" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);padding: 4px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong border-box="" break-word="" microsoft="" none="" style="max-inline-size: 100%;cursor: text;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">靶点前移直接阻断复制,高效抗毒减少流感传播</strong></section><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(254, 117, 0);max-width: 100% !important;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(51, 45, 45);margin-top: -2px;max-width: 100% !important;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">神经氨酸酶抑制剂及M2阻滞剂作为既往常用治疗选择,耐药、副作用等存在诸多局限<sup>[13-14]</sup>。RNA聚合酶为抗流感病毒药物提供了新靶点,病毒RNA聚合酶抑制剂通过抑制病毒核糖核蛋白的PA、PB1、PB2亚基从而抑制mRNA合成,迎来抗流感病毒RNA聚合酶时代<sup>[15-19]</sup>。玛巴洛沙韦靶点前移,直接阻断病毒RNA复制,基本不产生新病毒,可减少流感传播<sup>[20-22]</sup>。受感染细胞抗病毒效能研究显示,玛巴洛沙韦对A型和B型流感病毒、禽流感、NAI耐药毒株均表现出较强的抗病毒能力,奥司他韦等其他化合物的检测效价均低于玛巴洛沙韦<sup>[23]</sup>(图1)。</span></p><p><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3990740740740741" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/e81d9226d75869ca0da4ae87177ece1d.png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;"/></p></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p style="text-align:center;line-height: 150%;text-indent: 0em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">图1 对各种病毒亚型的抗病毒能力</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br/></p></section><section data-id="107461" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);padding: 4px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong border-box="" break-word="" microsoft="" none="" style="max-inline-size: 100%;cursor: text;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">玛巴洛沙韦重拳出击,流感治疗疗效显著</strong></section><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 3px;background-color: #fe7500;max-width: 100% !important;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 1px;background-color: #332d2d;margin-top: -2px;max-width: 100% !important;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">两项国际III期临床研究显示,玛巴洛沙韦是感染流感的既往健康人群(Capstone 1研究)和流感并发症高风险人群(Capstone 2研究)的有效流感治疗手段<sup>[24-25]</sup>。与安慰剂对比,玛巴洛沙韦快速缓解临床症状(图2)<sup>[24-25]</sup>。与奥司他韦相比,玛巴洛沙韦表现更为出色,24小时快速降低病毒滴度且显著缩短病毒排毒时间(图3)<sup>[24-25]</sup>。玛巴洛沙韦病毒排毒时间缩短可减少流感的传播,同时玛巴洛沙韦全面覆盖甲流、乙流<sup>[24-25]</sup>。Capstone 2研究乙流亚组分析提示,玛巴洛沙韦相较奥司他韦,改善症状时间显著缩短26小时<sup>[24-25]</sup>(图4)。</span></p><p style="text-align:center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4935185185185185" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/8bceb76f6ea0d6040b513e4b2601e65d.png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;" title="2.png"/></p><p style="text-align:center;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;line-height: 2em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">图2 临床症状分析</span></p><p style="text-align:center;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5268518518518519" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/a652e4f3c132a2b66e5d767d82b01ccd.png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;" title="3.png"/></p><p style="text-align:center;text-indent:28px;line-height:150%;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;line-height: 2em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">图3 病毒滴度分析</span></p><p style="text-align:center;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.45740740740740743" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/1c26831851b62a770bb901cb6e25495f.png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;" title="4.png"/></p><p style="text-align:center;text-indent:28px;line-height:150%;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;line-height: 2em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">图4 乙流亚组分析</span></p><p><br/></p></section><section data-id="107461" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);padding: 4px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong border-box="" break-word="" microsoft="" none="" style="max-inline-size: 100%;cursor: text;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">玛巴洛沙韦快速清除病毒,不同维度验证可减少传播</strong></section><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 3px;background-color: #fe7500;max-width: 100% !important;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 1px;background-color: #332d2d;margin-top: -2px;max-width: 100% !important;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">一项动物研究通过雪貂模型验证玛巴洛沙韦治疗流感病毒是否阻断后续病毒传播,比较玛巴洛沙韦、奥司他韦和安慰剂治疗的感染雪貂向间接暴露在相邻笼子或直接合住的未感染雪貂中的传播<sup>[26]</sup>。研究显示,玛巴洛沙韦相较其他治疗降低传播率,玛巴洛沙韦治疗间接接触组与直接接触组感染雪貂比例均最低(图5)。</span></p><p><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4111111111111111" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/c840e8c859e79ede4cf0f6a987a1672f.png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;"/></p><p style="text-align:center;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">图5 雪貂模型</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">我国学者开展的评估抗病毒治疗对于减少流感传播影响的模型研究,分析了玛巴洛沙韦和奥司他韦抗病毒治疗对我国季节性流感传播的影响<sup>[27]</sup>。数学模型显示,玛巴洛沙韦对比奥司他韦组,玛巴洛沙韦治疗组的累积感染人数均更低(图6)。更高的玛巴洛沙韦治疗比例可以使更多的人群免于流感感染,同时提高玛巴洛沙韦治疗比例及早期使用可在流感季压低流行曲线,降低流行高峰期卫生资源的挤占。</span></p><p><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.29444444444444445" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/4c63d44f643ae0d762426818fd57b163.png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;"/></p><p style="text-align:center;text-indent:28px;line-height:150%;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">图6 累积感染人数</span></p><p><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;line-height: 2em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">从日本健康保险索赔数据库中提取的真实患者数据比较接受玛巴洛沙韦或神经氨酸酶抑制剂治疗的患者住院率、抗菌药物使用等情况<sup>[28]</sup>。真实世界数据显示,玛巴洛沙韦相较奥司他韦显著降低家庭传播风险与降低住院风险,玛巴洛沙韦组的传播发生率与住院率降低分别下降25%、45%(图7、图8)。</span></p><p style="text-align:center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.46944444444444444" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/2ef0a7517cec5bdaa2d2eff7cfcf1d68.png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;" title="7.png"/></p><p style="text-align:center;text-indent:28px;line-height:150%;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.62em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">图7 传播发生率</span></p><p style="text-align:center;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.39537037037037037" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/de440f715f25a5f900eb79047ac837a2.png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;" title="8.png"/></p><p style="text-align:center;text-indent:28px;line-height:150%;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.62em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">图8 住院率</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br/></p><section data-id="107461" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);padding: 4px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong border-box="" break-word="" microsoft="" none="" style="max-inline-size: 100%;cursor: text;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">半衰期长给药方便,安全性表现优异</strong></section><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 3px;background-color: #fe7500;max-width: 100% !important;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 1px;background-color: #332d2d;margin-top: -2px;max-width: 100% !important;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">玛巴洛沙韦不同剂量半衰期为49-91小时,而奥司他韦75mg半衰期仅为6.8小时<sup>[29-30]</sup>(图9)。玛巴洛沙韦具有较长的半衰期,支持单次单剂量给药,其是目前唯一的单次单剂量给药方案<sup>[31-35]</sup>。在安全性上,玛巴洛沙韦表现优异。玛巴洛沙韦治疗相关不良事件显著低于奥司他韦,玛巴洛沙韦治疗相关不良事件与安慰剂相似<sup>[24-25]</sup>(图10)。</span></p><p style="text-align:center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.44074074074074077" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/ab68ddbd94f9e5e47b9e81631e196677.png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;" title="9.png"/></p><p style="text-align:center;text-indent:28px;line-height:150%;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.62em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">图9 半衰期</span></p><p style="text-align:center;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.45185185185185184" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/fe7740481ed7cfdbccb339fdc69a8d8c.png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;" title="10.png"/></p><p style="text-align:center;text-indent:28px;line-height:150%;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.62em;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">图10 不良事件发生率</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">RNA聚合酶抑制剂是流感抗病毒治疗全新的治疗选择,RNA聚合酶抑制剂玛巴洛沙韦,可早期阻断病毒RNA复制,快速降低病毒滴度,可减少流感传播。玛巴洛沙韦获批上市,为对抗流感提供了有力武器,将为流感患者带来更多获益。</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br/></p><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br/></p></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><span style="font-size: 13px;color: #7f7f7f;">参考文献:</span></p></section><section data-id="111180" data-tools="135编辑器"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing:border-box;max-width: 100% 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Relenza SmPC 2017;</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.5em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">[34]Rapivab PI 2017</span></p><p style="line-height:1.5em;"><span microsoft="" style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-family: 微软雅黑, " yahei="">[35]Alpivab SmPC 2018</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-id="121331" data-tools="135编辑器"><section style="margin: 10px auto;padding-top: 15px;padding-bottom: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;margin-bottom: -15px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 45px;height: 20px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom: 4px solid rgb(255, 212, 171);overflow: hidden;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-ms-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);"><br/></section></section><section style="padding-right: 20px;padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(244, 249, 252);padding: 20px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;align-items: center;"><section data-width="40%" style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 40%;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 115px;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" src="https://zfz-oss.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/temp/083d5fc0679f0146979babbe42cfc7e8.png" data-type="png" data-w="400" data-width="100%" style="box-sizing:border-box;vertical-align:inherit;width: 100%;display: block;" title="杭州.png"/></section></section><section data-width="60%" style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 60%;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;"><section><p style="text-align:center;font-size: 16px;color: #87c3e1;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: #2a7ce8;"><strong>扫码观看</strong></span></p><p style="text-align:center;font-size: 16px;color: #87c3e1;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: #2a7ce8;"><strong>【领航计划-流感防控先锋论坛 杭州站】</strong></span></p><p style="text-align:center;font-size: 16px;color: #87c3e1;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: #2a7ce8;"><strong>整场会议回看</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;margin-top: -15px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 45px;height: 20px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top: 4px solid rgb(175, 209, 226);overflow: hidden;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-ms-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);"><br/></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"/></p></div>